Chapter 3.0    Priority Reaches, Goals and Objectives

3.1	Core Habitat Areas
	3.1.1	Goal 1: Hydrology
	3.1.2	Goal 2: Physical Habitat
	3.1.3	Goal 3: Water Quality
	3.1.4	Goal 4: Biological Communities
	3.1.5	Core Habitat Area 1: Lower Kelley Creek (H1)
	3.1.6	Core Habitat Area 2: Upper Mitchell Creek (H2)
	3.1.7	Core Habitat Area 3: Kelley Creek Reaches 7 and 8 (H3)
	3.1.8	Core Habitat Area 4: Johnson Creek Reach 16 (H4)
	3.1.9	Core Habitat Area 5: Hogan Creek ODFW Reach 1 (H5)
3.2	Restoration Areas
	3.2.1	Introduction
	3.2.2	Goal 1: Hydrology
	3.2.3	Goal 2: Physical Habitat
	3.2.4	Goal 3: Water Quality
	3.2.5	Goal 4: Biological Communities
	3.2.6	Priority Restoration Area 1: Crystal Springs Creek (R1)
	3.2.7	Priority Restoration Area 2: Tideman Johnson/Errol Heights (R2)
	3.2.8	Priority Restoration Area 3: Kelley to Middle Mitchell Creek (R3)
	3.2.9	Priority Restoration Area 4: Johnson Creek Reach 15 (R4)
	3.2.10	Priority Restoration Area 5: Lower Sunshine Creek (R5)
	3.2.11	Priority Restoration Area 6: Lower Badger Creek (R6)
3.3	Connectivity Areas and Special Opportunities
	3.3.1	Introduction
	3.3.2	Goal 1: Hydrology
	3.3.3	Goal 2: Physical Habitat
	3.3.4	Goal 3: Water Quality
	3.3.5	Goal 4: Biological Communities
	3.3.6	Special Opportunity Area: Middle Johnson Creek (S1)

Introduction

The Johnson Creek Technical Advisory committee selected priority areas based on ODFW habitat surveys, the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) model, the Johnson Creek Watershed Assessment, and the best professional judgment of the Technical Advisory Committee. These areas were identified to distribute limited resources towards a strategy to protect, expand, and connect key refugia. Protection of existing functions is the highest priority because it is more economically and ecologically efficient to prevent degradation than correct it.

Core Habitat areas were identified to protect the most functional reaches in the watershed. Restoration areas were identified as areas of high restoration potential or high need to expand nearby functions. Connectivity areas are those areas needed to provide access to habitat areas from other refugia and from the Willamette. Special opportunities also exist where significant funding or planning is underway and opportunities for collaboration should not be missed. Finally, the committee targeted upper Johnson Creek as a Source Identification area because more information is needed to begin controlling sources of water quality degradation in that area.

It is important to note that other areas within the watershed are also important, and that projects that influence or take place in those areas should continue. Because the Johnson Creek Comprehensive Watershed Action Plan (WAP) is adaptive, the location of these priority areas is subject to change based on additional information and study or as objectives are met for an area. Likewise, the targets and benchmarks for these areas will change as knowledge of the watershed improves.

The WAP uses salmonids as an indicator of watershed health because their health, abundance and productivity are highly responsive to all components of watershed health including hydrology, habitat and water quality. While other nonaquatic indicators exist, salmonids were chosen for the City of Portland Framework for Integrated Management of Watershed and River Health (2002). There is more available information about the life histories of salmonids and the relationships between stream conditions and salmonid health than most other species in the Pacific Northwest. However, to provide a complete plan for improving watershed health, future updates of the Framework Plan will include scientific principals for terrestrial, non-aquatic species and the WAP will be updated to include objectives, targets and benchmarks focused around terrestrial indicators.

Goals and Objectives

Each priority area has an overall watershed health vision. In addition four watershed health goals are broadly applied to all priority areas. While these goals are not intended to reestablish pre-development conditions they do aim to establish a healthy, ecologically functioning watershed. They are also intended to provide guidance for areas where current conditions may be substantially different from historical conditions. They include the areas of hydrology, physical habitat, water quality and biological communities:

• Hydrology: Move towards historical flow conditions to protect and improve watershed and stream health, channel function and public health and safety, while protecting infrastructure.
• Physical Habitat: Protect, enhance and restore aquatic and terrestrial habitat conditions to support key ecological functions and improved productivity, diversity, capacity and distribution of native fish and wildlife populations and biological communities.
• Water Quality: Protect and improve surface water and groundwater quality and meet or surpass state and federal water quality standards and regulations.
• Biologic Communities: Protect, enhance and restore target aquatic and terrestrial species and biologic communities to maintain biodiversity in the watershed.

For each priority area, objectives were developed related to these four goals. Each objective has one or more indicators to measure the level of function. Many of the same indicators can be used to measure different objectives. For each indicator, the reference condition, baseline condition, and target are defined.

The reference condition is defined by what the indicator would be if no impact or degradation had occurred(1). In some cases, the reference condition may be similar to pre-development conditions. The baseline condition is the indicator under current conditions(2). In many cases, more information is needed about baseline conditions. The target is the condition pursued to meet the objective. Targets are established to match reference conditions as closely as possible while taking into account what can realistically be achieved given conflicting uses.

Each target contains a series of benchmarks is defined to guide progress toward the target. The benchmarks are based on known opportunities and constraints such as landowner participation, identified funding sources, current projects and plans, and urban growth. The benchmark numbers are highly susceptible to change, and will be updated as more information is available regarding baseline conditions and program effectiveness.

Finally, in some priority areas key actions are identified that may help meet targets and benchmarks. These kinds of actions lead into projects outlined in Chapter 6. Actions are not identified for each target and benchmark. Rather, they are pointed out where it is apparent that the action may lead to achievement of a benchmark or target.

While the following objectives, targets and benchmarks address the highest priority limiting factors in each area, it is important to note that the projects identified to meet targets and benchmarks may not be located in that area. Some limiting factors such as sedimentation and pollutants in the creek can be attributed to sources upstream or in the uplands. Once those sources are located, the contributing areas or catchments may receive their own set of objectives, targets and benchmarks addressing these watershed-wide problems.

3.1      Core Habitat Areas

Introduction

Core habitat areas are areas of relatively high function within the Johnson Creek Basin and offer the highest level of productivity. These areas are close to meeting the standards for hydrology and physical habitat. Functionality in terms of water quality and biological communities, while still important, are difficult to address on a reach-by reach basis.

The overall watershed health vision for Core Habitat Areas is to protect existing areas of high productivity from activities that could degrade hydrology, physical habitat, water quality and biological communities and provide restoration as necessary to increase productivity.

The following Objectives and Indicators apply to the four watershed health goals:

3.1.1      Goal 1: Hydrology

Core Habitat Area Objective 1
Protect existing floodplain habitat from degradation and development.

Indicator 1(a): Acreage of floodplain protected through public acquisition, conservation easements or other landowner stewardship agreements.

Core Habitat Area Objective 2
Improve stream flow and availability of over-wintering habitat by improving access of flows to the floodplain.

Indicator 2(a): Area of connected floodplain

Core Habitat Area Objective 3
Improve hydrologic conditions and stream flow to more closely match predevelopment conditions.

Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

Core Habitat Area Objective 4
Improve summertime base flows.

Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime(3).

3.1.2      Goal 2: Physical Habitat

Core Habitat Area Objective 5
Improve salmonid productivity by restoring summer and winter spawning and rearing habitat.

Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

Indicator 5(c): Channel and Bank Hardening

Indicator 5(d): Percent of Fine Sediment in Riffle Substrate

Indicator 5(e): Removal or Improvement of Passage Barriers(4)

Indicator 5(f): Acreage of riparian area protected through public acquisition, conservation easements or other landowner stewardship agreements.

3.1.3      Goal 3: Water Quality

Core Habitat Area Objective 6
Water Quality meets or exceeds standards for protection of human health and fish safety. DEQ set TMDL standards to be met throughout the watershed. Therefore, until additional baseline information is collected and sources are identified, the baseline conditions and targets will be the same for all core habitat reaches(5).

Indicator 6(a): Toxics (Surrogate to be used is Total Suspended Solids)

Reference Condition: Low levels of toxics and sediment. No exceedances of state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7).

Baseline Condition: Routine and storm event monitoring has revealed high levels of both TSS and Turbidity. Relatively high turbidity levels were measured during both high and low flow conditions, and are most likely a result of bank erosion, roadside ditch erosion, runoff from construction activities, and runoff from agricultural and nursery operations. Toxics (DDT, Dieldrin, PAH, and PCBs) have been detected in both water column and sediment samples with some exceedances of standards. DDT was identified as a problem based on the results of a USGS investigation. Pollutant concentrations detected in 1989 had been reduced by an order of magnitude by 1994.

Target: ___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2020*
___mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2020*

* Specific target concentrations forthcoming in Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

Benchmarks:
___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2010
___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2015
___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2020
___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2010
___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2015
___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2020

Indicator 6(b): Temperature (System potential effective shade level)

Reference Condition: 7-day average maximum daily temperature is below 17.8°C; below 12.8°C during spawning and incubation periods, and system potential meets 80% effective shade level.

Baseline Condition: Temperature standards are frequently exceeded throughout the Johnson Creek watershed during the summer months. There are more total days with maximum temperature above 20°C when moving downstream. More information is needed on temperatures in the target reach.

Target: 80% Effective Shade Site Potential by 2040*

* This percentage is preliminary and may be revised in the Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

Benchmarks:
50 % Effective Shade Potential by 2015
60% Effective Shade Potential by 2025
75 % Effective Shade Potential by 2030

Indicator 6(c): Bacteria

Reference Condition: Low levels of bacteria throughout the watershed with no exceedances of state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7).

Baseline Condition: Routine monitoring has revealed high bacteria levels that exceed state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7) throughout the Johnson Creek watershed. Exceedances occur both during winter storm events as well as during the dry summer periods.

Target: 75 – 80 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2020*

* This percentage is preliminary and may be revised in the Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

Benchmarks:
25 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2010
40 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2015
60 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2018

Indicator 6(d): PAH’s

Reference Condition: Extremely low levels not hazardous to aquatic or terrestrial life.

Baseline Condition: PAHs were proposed for listing as a pollutant of Johnson Creek in 2002 based on sampling data of 42.3 ng/L. The human health standard for water and fish ingestion is 2.8 ng/L. New studies indicate that fish are sensitive at lower rates.

Target: More information is needed on levels safe for fish. Human health standards should be met by 2040

Benchmarks:
More information is needed on sources and current levels
Work with DEQ to develop TMDLs by 2010

3.1.4      Goal 4: Biological Communities

Core Habitat Area Objective 7
Improve environmental conditions to increase habitat for macroinvertebrates and salmonids. Insufficient data exists to support development of targets and benchmarks for individual reaches. General targets and benchmarks for core habitat areas are based on available data.

Indicator 7(a): Benthic Index of Biological Integrity (B-IBI)

Reference Condition: B-IBI score of 50. A balanced, integrated adaptive assemblage of organisms having species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of natural habitats in the region. High biological integrity.

Baseline Condition: IBI scores obtained at three locations in Johnson Creek within Gresham during the late summer of 2001 ranged between 12 and 20. Scores in 2001 that were <20 indicated severe impairment and conditions present were indicative of a high level of disturbance.

Target: B-IBI of 38 or higher by 2030

Benchmarks:
B-IBI of 25 or higher by 2015
B-IBI of 30 or higher by 2020
B-IBI of 35 or higher by 2025

3.1.5      Core Habitat Area 1: Lower Kelley Creek (H1)

Lower Kelley Creek Core Habitat Area is comprised of two distinct areas, ODFW Reach 1 below Foster Road, and ODFW Reach 2 from Foster Road to Clatsop Cr confluence. Reach 1 is heavily channelized and has impacted riparian zones consisting of broad floodplains and drained wetlands. It also offers high potential for off-channel and overwintering refugia. The City of Portland owns land at the confluence of Kelley and Johnson Creeks and plans to begin construction of backwater channels and stormwater detention facilities in summer of 2004. With those improvements and the riparian plantings that will accompany them, this area will become a key refuge, rearing and spawning habitat area along Johnson Creek.

In Reach 2, Kelley Creek is largely confined to a narrow canyon, which has inhibited development and allowed a mature second growth canopy to form. The canopy has some openings, which the landowner (the Hawthorne Ridge Homeowner’s Association) is currently working to fill. Physical habitat is functional in this area, and steelhead and cutthroat have been sampled. Water quality and flow are problematic, and should be addressed.

The Kelley Creek watershed was added to the Urban Growth Boundary in 1997 and in 2002. Concept planning was completed in 2002 for half the watershed, and annexation is scheduled to begin by 2005. This will inevitably alter the condition of the Kelley Creek system. It is anticipated that urbanization will provide an opportunity to protect and restore riparian habitat, address passage barriers, and reduce erosion. Additional planning work is necessary for the areas of the watershed added into the UGB in 2002.

Target salmonid populations:

• Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat
• Resident Cutthroat and Rainbow

Indicator 1(a) & 5(f): Acreage of floodplain and riparian area protected through public acquisition, conservation easements or other landowner stewardship agreements.

Baseline Condition: 5.22 Acres owned by City of Portland and Hawthorne Ridge Homeowners Assn

Target: Approximately 15 acres. Because the area is within the Pleasant Valley District Plan, which identifies riparian corridors as Environmentally Sensitive/Restoration Areas, as these areas are annexed there will be excellent protection opportunities working with current landowners and potential developers.

Benchmarks:
10 acres by 2010
15 acres by 2015

Indicator 2(a): Area of connected floodplain

Reference Condition: Narrow valley floor with multiple, braided channels at low flow. At high flow, significant backwater channels and some flooding.

Baseline Condition: Below Foster Rd. Culvert, Creek is rock lined, or has incised to significantly reduce floodplain access. Potential habitat areas are open fields owned by City of Portland, and a large groundwater-fed pond. This pond could provide excellent over-wintering and rearing habitat if conflicts with existing uses can be addressed. Above Foster Road, Kelley Creek is in a constrained canyon. Some incising has occurred, limiting access to the narrow floodplain. Multiple channels exist in some areas during low flows. Little off-channel refuge.

Target: Create at least one area of off-channel refuge above Foster Rd. and major complex below Foster Rd.

Benchmarks:
Lower area: Design and construction by 2010
Upper area: design and construction by 2020

Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

Reference Condition: Annual hydrograph mimics historical hydrograph

Baseline Condition: Hydrograph altered – extremely high flows associated with storm events. Additional information needed to quantify flow patterns.

Target: Manage stormwater from existing and new development such that there is no runoff from small storms leading to further incision

Benchmarks: All new development manages a minimum of 90% of the annual rainfall such that there is no runoff from impervious surfaces.

Actions: Necessary codes and manuals established or updated to reach target by 2004. Enforcement and maintenance system established by 2006.

Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime

Reference Condition: Impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: More information is needed on withdrawals from Kelley Creek system. As urbanization proceeds in this area, water withdrawals and on-channel impoundments will likely decline. More information is also needed on contributions to surface water from ground water sources related to wells and irrigation.

Target: Minimum base flow meets state and federal standards for salmon.

Benchmarks: Additional Baseline information is needed.

Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

Baseline Condition: Wood is low at 1.3 pieces per 100 m (ODFW survey) below Foster Rd and 1 piece per 100 m above.

Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2050

Benchmarks:
>5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
>10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030
>15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040

Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft, composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

Baseline Condition: Of the 48 acres of riparian corridor, 24.9 acres are fields, roads, houses, and other development. Approximately 9 acres of this area could be planted if landowners allow. The remaining 23.1 acres have a mix of mature riparian vegetation and invasive Blackberry and English ivy. Surrounding rural residential land use has potential to encroach on riparian areas

Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development. Vegetated areas are in free to grow condition with invasive species under control. Adjacent landowners participate in protecting and restoring quality riparian areas.

Benchmarks:
Remove all invasive species by 2010
Plant 25% of available areas by 2010
Plant 50% by 2020
Plant 100% by 2040
Stewardship agreements with landowners by 2020

Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

Reference Condition: 12% or less

Baseline Condition: Below foster: 23% silt/sand/organics in riffle substrate; Above foster, 25% silt/Organics in riffle substrate

Target: 20% or less by 2020; maintain at 20% or less during and after urbanization.

Benchmarks:
Implement agricultural rules on appropriate properties by 2005
Erosion control and stormwater master plan in place by 2005 (when annexation begins upstream)
All developers make public pledge to use best erosion control available as construction begins

Indicator 5(e): Removal or improvement of passage barriers

Reference Condition: Barriers are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: Steps built by WPA for grade control create summertime barrier.

Target: Remove summertime barriers by 2005

Benchmarks: Remove summertime barriers by 2005

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets

3.1.6      Core Habitat Area 2: Upper Mitchell Creek (H2)

Upper Mitchell Creek is among the most pristine areas within the Johnson Creek Watershed. A well-formed second-growth forest serves the creek well. Flow is moderated by the forest and by instream structure. Temperatures are cool and water quality is impacted primarily by a point source scheduled for decommissioning. Fish presence has been noted, and 36 acres of the riparian area is publicly owned and protected.

Target salmonid populations:

• Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat
• Resident Cutthroat and Rainbow

Indicator 1(a) & 5(f): Acreage of floodplain and riparian area protected through public acquisition, conservation easements or other landowner stewardship agreements.

Reference Condition:

Baseline Condition: 68.7 acres protected in Metro owned parcels

Target: 25 additional acres by 2040

Benchmarks:
5 additional acres by 2015
15 additional acres by 2025
20 additional acres by 2035

Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

Reference Condition: High-gradient stream with backwater channels; during low flows, pools provide fish habitat while subsurface flow keeps temperature cool.

Baseline condition: Upper Mitchell Creek is a high-gradient stream; refuge is provided by several small backwater channels, and by instream structure.

Target: Maintain flow regime

Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

Baseline Condition: Wood is low at 6 pieces per 100 m (ODFW survey).

Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2050

Benchmarks:
>5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
>10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030
>15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040

Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft, composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

Baseline Condition: Of the 71 acres within the riparian buffer zone, 3.4 acres are developed or deforested. This portion of the Mitchell Creek watershed is possibly the most pristine in the Johnson Creek system with a mature, multi-layered canopy.

Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development. Vegetated areas are in free to grow condition with invasive species under control. Adjacent landowners participate in protecting and restoring quality riparian areas.

Benchmarks:
Remove all invasive species by 2010
Plant 100% of available areas by 2010
Stewardship agreements with adjacent landowners by 2020

Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

Reference Condition: 12% or less

Baseline Condition: Riffles account for 34% of stream length. Silt and organics comprise 9% of riffle substrate; sand accounts for 21%. On average, silt/Organics and sand comprise 11 and 22% of the overall substrate.

Target: 20% or less by 2040. Protect from degradation by identifying and addressing sediment sources.

Indicator 5(e): Removal or improvement of passage barriers

Reference Condition: Barriers are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: No known artificial passage barriers. Concrete debris in stream channel scheduled for removal by summer 2004.

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets

3.1.7       Core Habitat Area 3: Kelley Creek Reaches 7 and 8 (H3)

Core Habitat Area 3, Kelley Creek ODFW Reach 8 and part of 7, is home to a self-sustaining population of cutthroat trout. While several barriers downstream make this habitat no more than a fragment, it is functional for resident cutthroat. The functional riparian corridor composed of second-growth forest and pastures provides shade, organic and woody input, and stormwater filtration. Instream complexity is good, with some secondary channels, wood and some boulders providing refuge. Floodplain access is good, though off-channel habitat is limited.

The Urban Growth Boundary expansion of 2002 added this area for future urbanization. As urbanization proceeds, it will be critical to protect this resource from increased flow, decreased water quality, and riparian encroachment.

Target salmonid populations:

• Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat
• Resident Cutthroat and Rainbow

  Indicator 1(a) & 5(f): Acreage of floodplain and riparian area protected through public acquisition, conservation easements or other landowner stewardship agreements.

  Baseline Condition: 15.6 acres of riparian area owned by Metro
  
  Target: 12 additional acres in Johnson Creek riparian area and floodplain by 2040. Urban redevelopment may provide protection opportunities.

  Benchmarks: Work with landowners and developers to develop stewardship agreements, conservation easements or acquisition of
  5 additional acres by 2010
  10 addition acres by 2025
  12 additional acres by 2040

  Indicator 2(a): Area of connected floodplain

  Reference Condition: Multiple braided channels with some lateral motion within broad floodplain and wetland complex.

  Baseline Condition: Floodplain access is good in these reaches, though off channel habitat is sparse. High flows downstream are nonetheless common.

  Target: Maintain creek access to floodplain; protect instream complexity. Protect terraces from development that would compromise floodplain and backwater channels.

  Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

  Reference Condition: Annual hydrograph mimics historical hydrograph

  Baseline Condition: Hydrograph altered –high flows associated with storm events. Additional information needed to quantify flow patterns.

  Target: Manage stormwater from existing and new development such that there is no runoff from small storms leading to further incision

  Benchmarks: All new development manages a minimum of 90% of the annual rainfall such that there is no runoff from impervious surfaces.

  Actions:
  Necessary codes and manuals established or updated to reach target by 2008.
  Enforcement and maintenance system established by 2010.

  
  Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime

  Reference Condition: Impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods. Summer low flows provide adequate cool water for fish survival.

  Baseline Condition: impoundments are caused by private driveways in these reaches and upstream. More information needed on summer flows to determine adequacy.
  
  Target: Minimum base flow meets state and federal standards for salmon.

  Benchmarks: Additional Baseline information is needed.

  Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

  Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

  Baseline Condition: Reach 8 had low wood at 1.87 pieces per 100 meters, though the existing wood was highly functional. Reach 7 had very low wood content at .4 pieces per 100m.

  Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040. Total reach length is approximately 670m (2200ft).

  Benchmarks:
  >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2010
  >10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
  >15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030

  Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

  Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft, composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

  Baseline Condition: Of the 37 acres of riparian corridor, approximately 27.4 have forested canopy. Of the remaining 9.4 acres, 2 are occupied by houses, roads and trails.
  
  Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development. Vegetated areas are in free to grow condition with invasive species under control. Adjacent Landowners participate in protecting and restoring riparian areas.

  Benchmarks:
  Remove all invasive species by 2010
  Plant 25% of available areas by 2010
  Plant 50% by 2020
  Plant 100% by 2040
  Stewardship agreements with Landowners by 2020.

  Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

  Reference Condition: 12% or less

  Baseline Condition: 14% silt/sand/organics in riffle substrate (ODFW). 47% gravel in riffle.

  Target: Maintain at 20% or less by 2040.

  Benchmarks: More information needed on sources of sediment to reduce risk of additional fine sediment accumulation. Critical to prevent sediment runoff and instability from south slope.

  Indicator 5(e): Removal or improvement of passage barriers

  Reference Condition: Barriers are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

  Baseline Condition: Alder Rd presents .7 m drop. Many downstream barriers.

  Target: address culvert on Alder rd by 2010. Development of this area may present upgrade opportunities.

  Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets

3.1.8      Core Habitat Area 4: Johnson Creek Reach 16 (H4)

Core Habitat Area 4, Johnson Creek ODFW Reach 16, is the most functional reach on the main stem of Johnson Creek. The functional riparian corridor composed of second-growth forest and well-managed pastures provides shade, organic and woody input, and stormwater filtration. Instream complexity is good, with some secondary channels, wood and some boulders providing refuge. Water quality and flow, however, are impaired by upstream uses. The Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment model indicates that Reach 16 is the only reach in Johnson Creek that functions sufficiently to support coho trajectories.

The Urban Growth Boundary expansion of 2002 added this area and some upstream areas for future urbanization. As urbanization proceeds, it will be critical to protect this resource from increased flow, decreased water quality, and riparian encroachment.

Target salmonid populations:

• Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat
• Resident Cutthroat and Rainbow

Indicator 1(a) & 5(f): Acreage of floodplain and riparian area protected through public acquisition, conservation easements or other landowner stewardship agreements.

Baseline Condition: 90.9 acres owned by the City of Gresham and Metro along Johnson Creek

Target: 33 additional acres in Johnson Creek riparian area and floodplain by 2050. Development of Springwater Development area may provide protection opportunities.

Benchmarks: Work with landowners and developers to develop stewardship agreements, conservation easements or acquisition of
10 additional acres by 2010
20 addition acres by 2025
30 additional acres by 2040

Indicator 2(a): Area of connected floodplain

Reference Condition: Multiple braided channels with some lateral motion within broad floodplain and wetland complex.

Baseline Condition: Backwater channels and deep pools are prevalent in this reach, although entrenchment is evident as well. Protection from further downcutting is critical in this reach.

Target: Maintain creek access to floodplain; protect instream complexity. Protect terraces from development that would compromise floodplain and backwater channels.

Benchmarks:

Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

Reference Condition: Annual hydrograph mimics historical hydrograph

Baseline Condition: Hydrograph altered – extremely high flows associated with storm events. Additional information needed to quantify flow patterns.

Target: Manage stormwater from existing and new development such that there is no runoff from small storms leading to further incision

Benchmarks: All new development manages a minimum of 90% of the annual rainfall such that there is no runoff from impervious surfaces.

Actions:
Necessary codes and manuals established or updated to reach target by 2008.
Enforcement and maintenance system established by 2010.

Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime

Reference Condition: Impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods. Summer low flows provide adequate cool water for fish survival.

Baseline Condition: More information is needed on withdrawals from Johnson Creek system. As urbanization proceeds upstream, water withdrawals and on-channel impoundments will likely decline. More information is also needed on contributions to surface water from ground water sources related to wells and irrigation.

Target: Minimum base flow meets state and federal standards for salmon.

Benchmarks: Additional Baseline information is needed.

Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

Baseline Condition: With 4.8 pieces per 100m, this reach is among the highest within Johnson Creek. Nevertheless, wood is low compared to the reference condition, and boulders are absent. (ODFW survey)

Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040. Total reach length is approximately 4100m.

Benchmarks:
>5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2010
>10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
>15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030

Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft, composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

Baseline Condition: Of the 167 acres of riparian corridor, approximately 117 have forested canopy. Of the remaining 50 acres, all but 6.7 are occupied by houses roads and trails. 24.9 acres are fields, roads, houses, and other development.

Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development. Vegetated areas are in free to grow condition with invasive species under control. Adjacent Landowners participate in protecting and restoring riparian areas.

Benchmarks:
Remove all invasive species by 2010
Plant 25% of available areas by 2010
Plant 50% by 2020
Plant 100% by 2040
Stewardship agreements with Landowners by 2020.

Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

Reference Condition: 12% or less

Baseline Condition: 18% silt/sand/organics in riffle substrate (ODFW).

Target: Maintain at 20% or less by 2040.

Benchmarks: More information needed on sources of sediment to reduce risk of additional fine sediment accumulation.

Indicator 5(e): Removal or improvement of passage barriers

Reference Condition: Barriers are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: No known artificial passage barriers.

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets.

3.1.9      Core Habitat Area 5: Hogan Creek ODFW Reach 1 (H5)

Length: 870 feet
Riparian area total: 18 acres
Forested: 15 acres
Developed: 2
Public: 16 acres

Core Habitat Area 5, Hogan Creek Reach 1, is a functional confluence area where Hogan Creek drains into Core Habitat area 4. The functional riparian corridor composed of second-growth forest. Upstream detention ponds help prevent sedimentation, but also contribute to higher water quality. More information is needed on water quality and in-stream structure, though the reach is promising due to public ownership of riparian resources.

The Urban Growth Boundary expansion of 2002 added this area and some upstream areas for future urbanization. As urbanization proceeds, it will be critical to protect this resource from increased flow, decreased water quality, and riparian encroachment.

Target salmonid populations:

• Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat, refuge from Johnson Creek
• Resident Cutthroat and Rainbow

  Indicator 1(a) & 5(f): Acreage of floodplain and riparian area protected through public acquisition, conservation easements or other landowner stewardship agreements.

  Baseline Condition: 16 acres owned by the City of Gresham along Johnson Creek
  
  Target: Develop stewardship agreements with two residents by 2005.

  Indicator 2(a): Area of connected floodplain

  Reference Condition: Multiple braided channels with some lateral motion within broad floodplain and wetland complex.

  Baseline Condition: More information needed.

  Target: More information needed

  Benchmarks: More information needed

  Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

  Reference Condition: Annual hydrograph mimics historical hydrograph

  Baseline Condition: Hydrograph altered –high flows associated with storm events possibly due to upstream development. Additional information needed to quantify flow patterns.

  Target: Manage stormwater from existing and new development such that there is no runoff from small storms leading to further incision

  Benchmarks: All new development manages a minimum of 90% of the annual rainfall such that there is no runoff from impervious surfaces.

  Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime

Reference Condition: Impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods. Summer low flows provide adequate cool water for fish survival.

Baseline Condition: At least one impoundment in this area exists for detaining stormwater. Continued work to ensure low sediment and temperature loading will protect downstream reaches. More information is needed to determine adequacy of summertime flow.

Target: Minimum base flow meets state and federal standards for salmon.

Benchmarks: Additional Baseline information is needed.

Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

Baseline Condition: With 4.8 pieces per 100m, this reach is among the highest within Johnson Creek. Nevertheless, wood is low compared to the reference condition, and boulders are absent. (ODFW survey)

Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040. Total reach length is approximately 4100m.

Benchmarks:
>5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2010
>10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
>15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030

Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft, composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

Baseline Condition: Of the 167 acres of riparian corridor, approximately 117 have forested canopy. Of the remaining 50 acres, all but 6.7 are occupied by houses roads and trails. 24.9 acres are fields, roads, houses, and other development.

Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development. Vegetated areas are in free to grow condition with invasive species under control. Adjacent Landowners participate in protecting and restoring riparian areas.

Benchmarks:
Remove all invasive species by 2010
Plant 25% of available areas by 2010
Plant 50% by 2020
Plant 100% by 2040
Stewardship agreements with Landowners by 2020.

Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

Reference Condition: 12% or less

Baseline Condition: 18% silt/sand/organics in riffle substrate (ODFW).

Target: Maintain at 20% or less by 2040.

Benchmarks: More information needed on sources of sediment to reduce risk of additional fine sediment accumulation.

Indicator 5(e): Removal or improvement of passage barriers

Reference Condition: Barriers are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: No known artificial passage barriers.

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets

3.2      Restoration Areas

 Introduction

Priority Restoration areas are those areas that offer high potential for salmon and trout production if functions are restored. In many cases, these are areas that are close to reaching one or more key functional goals. Opportunities to address flow and hydrology, physical habitat, and water quality are evident. Surveys may have indicated high fish presence in these areas.

The overall watershed health vision for Priority Restoration Areas is to add to existing areas of high productivity (Core Habitat Areas) by restoring additional spawning and rearing areas.

The following Objectives and Indicators apply to the four watershed health goals:

3.2.1     Goal 1: Hydrology

Restoration Area Objective 1
Improve stream flow and availability of over-wintering habitat by improving access of flows to the floodplain.

Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

Indicator 1(b): Impervious Surfaces

Indicator 1(c): Vegetation Removal

Restoration Area Objective 2
Restore wetlands and backwater channels to improve flood storage capacity and over-wintering habitat in the floodplain.

Indicator 2(a): Acres of restored wetlands and backwater channels

Restoration Area Objective 3
Improve hydrologic conditions and stream flow to more closely match predevelopment conditions.

Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

Indicator 3(b): Impervious Surfaces (cross-reference 1(b))

Restoration Area Objective 4
Improve summertime base flows.

Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime(6).

3.2.2      Goal 2: Physical Habitat

Restoration Area Objective 5
Improve salmonid productivity by restoring summer and winter spawning and rearing habitat.

Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

Indicator 5(c): Channel and Bank Hardening

Indicator 5(d): Percent of Fine Sediment in Riffle Substrate

Indicator 5(e): Removal or Improvement of Passage Barriers(7)

Indicator 5(f): Acres restored wetlands and backwater channels (Cross-reference Indicator 2(a))

3.2.3      Goal 3: Water Quality

Restoration Area Objective 6
Water Quality meets or exceeds standards for protection of human health and fish safety. DEQ set TMDL standards to be met throughout the watershed. Therefore, until additional baseline information is collected and sources are identified, the baseline conditions and targets will be the same for all priority restoration reaches(8).

Indicator 6(a): Toxics (Surrogate to be used is Total Suspended Solids)

Reference Condition: Low levels of toxics and sediment. No exceedances of state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7).

Baseline Condition: Routine and storm event monitoring has revealed high levels of both TSS and Turbidity. Relatively high turbidity levels were measured during both high and low flow conditions, and are most likely a result of bank erosion, roadside ditch erosion, runoff from construction activities, and runoff from agricultural and nursery operations. Toxics (DDT, Dieldrin, PAH, and PCBs) have been detected in both water column and sediment samples with some exceedances of standards. DDT was identified as a problem based on the results of a USGS investigation. Pollutant concentrations detected in 1989 had been reduced by an order of magnitude by 1994.

Target:
___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2020*
___mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2020*

* Specific target concentrations forthcoming in Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

Benchmarks:
___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2010
___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2015
___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2020

___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2010
___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2015
___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2020

Indicator 6(b): Temperature (System potential effective shade level)

Reference Condition: 7-day average maximum daily temperature is below 17.8°C; below 12.8°C during spawning and incubation periods, and system potential meets 80% effective shade level.

Baseline Condition: Temperature standards are frequently exceeded throughout the Johnson Creek watershed during the summer months. There are more total days with maximum temperature above 20°C when moving downstream. More information is needed on temperatures in the target reach.

Target: 80% Effective Shade Site Potential by 2040*

* This percentage is preliminary and may be revised in the Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

Benchmarks:
50 % Effective Shade Potential by 2015
60% Effective Shade Potential by 2025
75 % Effective Shade Potential by 2030

Indicator 6(c): Bacteria

Reference Condition: Low levels of bacteria throughout the watershed with no exceedances of state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7).

Baseline Condition: Routine monitoring has revealed high bacteria levels that exceed state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7) throughout the Johnson Creek watershed. Exceedances occur both during winter storm events as well as during the dry summer periods.

Target: 75 – 80 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2020*

* This percentage is preliminary and may be revised in the Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

Benchmarks:
25 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2010
40 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2015
60 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2018

Indicator 6(d): PAH’s

Reference Condition: Extremely low levels not hazardous to aquatic or terrestrial life.

Baseline Condition: PAHs were proposed for listing as a pollutant of Johnson Creek in 2002 based on sampling data of 42.3 ng/L. The human health standard for water and fish ingestion is 2.8 ng/L. New studies indicate that fish are sensitive at lower rates.

Target: More information is needed on levels safe for fish. Human health standards should be met by 2040

Benchmarks:
More information is needed on sources and current levels
Work with DEQ to develop TMDLs by 2010

3.2.4      Goal 4: Biological Communities

Restoration Area Objective 7
Improve environmental conditions to increase habitat for macroinvertebrates and salmonids. Insufficient data exists to support development of targets and benchmarks for individual reaches. General targets and benchmarks for priority restoration reaches is based on available data.

Indicator 7(a): Benthic Index of Biological Integrity (B-IBI)

Reference Condition: B-IBI score of 50. A balanced, integrated adaptive assemblage of organisms having species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of natural habitats in the region. High biological integrity.

3.2.5      Priority Restoration Area 1: Crystal Springs Creek (R1)

The Crystal Springs Creek Priority area includes the entirety of Crystal Springs Creek. The 4200m (2.6 mile) creek is fed by two sets of springs; one at Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden and Eastmoreland Golf Course, and one at Reed College Canyon. The springs provide a steady cold water source of about 10 cfs throughout the year. Crystal Springs Creek receives very little stormwater runoff, as its highly urbanized watershed is drained by storm sewers and sumps. A flood in the area in 1998 is blamed on several years of unusually high precipitation, which eventually flowed out through the Reed Canyon springs.

Prior to development, most of the Crystal Springs system existed as a broad wetland complex with little or no distinct recurrent channel. Development, agricultural drainage, and finally channelization created the Crystal Springs system we know today. Therefore, it is irrelevant to refer to historical conditions. Targets are based on reference conditions and desired outcomes for watershed function in Crystal Springs. The subwatershed exhibits potential to function as a low-gradient, spring-fed wetland headwaters. The diversity of channel types provides an array of spawning, rearing, and refuge habitats.

The springs provide a cold water source, but impoundments on the creek negate that effect, with the result that Crystal Springs Creek is a warming influence on Johnson Creek by the time it reaches the confluence. In addition, there are a number of culverts and instream structures that inhibit access and the is little habitat structure in most of the creek. Several factors, however, recommend Crystal Springs Creek for restoration: its proximity to the mouth of Johnson Cr.; the high percentage of publicly owned land in its watershed; and its potential for cold, stable base flows, potentially making it key refugia for summertime rearing.

Two key restoration efforts are ongoing in this area: Reed College has restored access to Reed Lake and is actively reforesting the canyon; and Portland Parks is working with the US Army Corps of Engineers to replace the shallow pond in Westmoreland park with a wetland channel.

Target salmonid populations:

• Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat and migratory summer and winter rearing habitat
• Chinook migratory summer and winter rearing habitat

  Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

  Reference Condition: No creek channelization

  Baseline Condition: Creek channel is lined; Low relevance due to flow stability. At least 50% of creek length has floodplain access; remaining 50% is inhibited by buildings and roads.

  Target: Reconnect floodplain where it is inaccessible as opportunities arise over the next 50-100 years.

  Benchmarks: To be determined.

  Actions: Modify artificial structures and bank and floodplain alterations that preclude access of flows to the floodplain.

  Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

  Reference Condition: >20 pieces in each 100m stream length

  Baseline Condition: Upper Crystal Springs (Reaches 2, 3, 4): 4.4/ 100m
  Lower Crystal Springs (Reach 1): .7 / 100m

  Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2050

  Benchmarks:
  >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020 in upper Crystal Springs
  >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020 in lower Crystal Springs
  >15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030 in lower Crystal Springs
  >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040 in lower Crystal Springs

  Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

  Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft., composed of mature native vegetation, with < 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

  Baseline Condition: Of the 187 acres of riparian corridor, 0-5% is mature forest. 71 acres is urban development; 7 acres is developed on Reed College Campus; and 66 acres is on Eastmoreland golf course, where 85-90% of the area is dedicated recreation space. Approximately 34 acres have been recently planted or are targeted for planting in the next 5 years.

  Target: Continuous corridor of mature native vegetation up to 300 ft by 2030 where possible. Approximately 62 acres of mature native vegetation. There is no target for stream crossings.

  Benchmarks:
  50% of available areas planted by 2010
  75% planted by 2020
  100% planted by 2030

  Indicator 5(c): Channel and Bank Hardening

  Reference Condition: Channel bed consists of appropriate percent of sediments and gravels and is not lined. Sediment transport and recruitment results in channel realignment.

  Baseline Condition: Some bed lining is evident. Bank hardening eliminates channel realignment. More information is needed.

  Target: Reduce channel lining to 25% of reach by 2050

  Benchmarks: Depends upon baseline condition

  Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

  Reference Condition: 12% or less

  Baseline Condition: Currently, approximately 15% of the stream is riffles; glides and pools dominate the stream.

Target: 20% or less by 2040

Benchmarks:
35% by 2015
30% by 2020
25% by 2030

Actions: Reduce sedimentation in channel substrate caused from bank erosion and erosion off upland areas

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets.

3.2.6      Priority Restoration Area 2: Tideman Johnson/Errol Heights (R2)

R2 is bounded by Tacoma St to the west, and 45th Ave to the East. The restoration area also includes Errol Creek and Errol Heights wetland and a large oxbow of Johnson Creek. The restoration area includes ODFW Reaches four and five of Johnson Creek and Reaches one and two of Errol Creek. Total length: 2432m (7981 feet).

The creek is channelized through this reach with the exception of the stretch through Tideman Johnson Park. Errol Creek flows out of a spring-fed wetland complex into a lined channel conveying the flow through several backyards before draining to Johnson Creek’s oxbow. Prior to development, several large wetlands occupied this valley, and surveyors recorded the width of the creek at about 80 feet, including multiple side channels.

While erosion takes its toll on the unarmored banks of Johnson Creek in this reach, this area provides a key refugia opportunity for salmon. Fish can escape high winter flows into the protection of Errol Creek. Significant areas of publicly-held land in this area offer opportunities for more backwater channels and off-channel habitat areas for rearing. Unlined channels in Johnson Creek and Errol Heights offer potential spawning grounds as well.

Target salmonid populations:

• Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat

  Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

  Reference Condition: No creek channelization

  Baseline Condition: Creek has access to the floodplain in 50 percent of its length in the area. Channelization heavy in Reach 4 of Johnson Creek. Deep channel and proximity of infrastructure limit floodplain reconnection opportunities. Channelization heavy in oxbow near fish ladder; approximately 4858 feet of the reach’s 7981 foot length is channelized (60%); floodplain is accessible in Tideman Johnson Park during higher flows but there is little off channel habitat. Flow in Errol Creek is very stable due to spring source; floodplain access less relevant. Errol Creek is channelized and there are large amounts of fill in areas that were likely once wetlands.

  Target: Improve amount and frequency of floodplain access in Tideman Johnson Park, the oxbow and parts of Reach 4 by 2030. Remove channelization and fill in wetlands on Errol Creek by 2010.

  Benchmarks:
  Improve frequency of floodplain access in Tideman Johnson by 2010
  Remove channelization in Errol Creek and fill in wetlands by 2010 (5% of creek length)
  Remove channelization in wetland west of oxbow and north of Springwater Corridor by 2015 (~5% of creek length)
  Where opportunities exist remove infrastructure impediments in Reach 4 by 2030.

  Indicator 1(b): Impervious Surfaces

  Indicator 1(c): Vegetation Removal

  Indicator 2(a): Acres of restored wetlands and backwater channels

  Reference Condition: Approximately 40 acres historic wetlands and backwater channels

  Baseline Condition: Over-wintering habitat exists in Errol Creek but there are few side channels. Errol Heights Park and associated publicly owned properties offer 4 acres of wetland; however, there may be opportunities to restore additional wetlands in areas that are filled. Approximately 1 acre of wetland exists within Tideman Johnson Park with no connection to creek. There are no backwater channels within Tideman Johnson Park. Publicly owned area north of Springwater corridor and west of the oxbow has 5.25 acres of wetland not connected to creek. Oxbow island contains approximately 2 acres of potential wetland mixed with urban development.

  Target: Restore 11 acres of historic wetlands and backwater channels by 2050

  Benchmarks:
  Restore wetlands and backwater channel in Errol creek complex by 2010
  Restore floodplain access to wetland area north of Springwater by 2020
  Create backwater channels in Tideman Johnson by 2020
  Restore Tideman Johnson wetland by 2030

  Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

  Reference Condition: >20 pieces in each 100m stream length

  Baseline Condition:
  JC Reach 4: 2.2 per 100m
  JC Reach 5: 1.9
  Errol Reach 1: 0
  Errol Reach 2: 1.8

  Target: >20 pieces in each 100m length of stream by 2050

  Benchmarks:
  >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2010 in upper Errol Creek
  >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020 in lower Errol Creek
  >15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030 in Reach 5.
  >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040 in Reach 5.
  >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020 in Reach 4.
  >10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040 in Reach 4.

  Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

  Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft., composed of mature native vegetation, with < 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

  Baseline Conditions: 5-10% of riparian corridor is in mature second-growth forest. Of the 260 acres within the riparian corridor, 95 (37%) are developed urban areas including streets, yards, buildings, and parking lots. Approximately 21 acres have been planted in the past 7 years.

  Target: Continuous corridor of mature native vegetation up to 300 ft where possible; 165 acres of mature forest. There is no target for stream crossings.

  Benchmarks:
  40% of available area planted by 2010
  65% planted by 2020
  100% planted by 2040

  Indicator 5(c): Channel and Bank Hardening

  Reference Conditions: Channel bed consists of appropriate percent of sediments and gravels and is not lined. Sediment transport and recruitment results in channel realignment.

  Baseline Condition: Some bed lining is evident, especially in oxbow areas and upstream. Bank hardening eliminates channel realignment. While spawning gravels occur in some areas, it is unknown whether there is lining underneath. More information is needed.

  Target: Reduce channel lining to 25% of reach by 2050

  Benchmarks: Depends upon baseline condition

  Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

  Reference Condition: 12% or less

  Baseline Condition: Currently, approximately 42% of the Johnson Creek reaches are riffles; approximately 37% of Errol creek is riffles.

Reach #	% Sand Silt Organics (SSO) in Riffles	% SSO all substrates
JC Reach 4	19	26
JC Reach 5	19	29
Errol Reach 1	24	55
Errol Reach 2	71	72

Target: 20% or less by 2040. Protect from degradation by identifying and addressing sediment inputs upstream.

Benchmarks:
Reduce Errol Creek to 35% by 2015
30% by 2020
25% by 2030

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets.

3.2.7      Priority Restoration Area 3: Kelley to Middle Mitchell Creek (R3)

In Restoration Area 3, middle Kelley Creek (ODFW Reach 3) and lower Mitchell Creek (ODFW Reaches 1 and 2) expand on the core habitats located in Lower Kelley and Upper Mitchell Creeks (Core Habitats 1 and 2). This restoration area has high potential value for cutthroat, however parts of it suffer from severe incision and downcutting. While this area is not highly functional in the key areas, it is critical for expanding the core habitat areas and providing a larger contiguous area of cutthroat refugia.

The Kelley Creek watershed was added to the Urban Growth Boundary in 1997 and in 2002. Concept planning was completed in 2002 for half the watershed, and annexation is scheduled to begin by 2005. This will inevitably alter the condition of the Kelley Creek system. It is anticipated that urbanization will provide an opportunity to protect and restore riparian habitat, address passage barriers, and reduce erosion. Additional planning work is necessary for the areas of the watershed added into the UGB in 2002.

Target salmonid populations:

• Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat
• Resident Cutthroat and Rainbow

  Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

  Reference Condition: Little incision and seasonally accessible floodplain.

  Baseline Condition: Excessive drainage has caused incision of creek. This combined with fill of wetlands in the floodplain result in very little floodplain access. Connected floodplain area less than one acre.

  Target: Creek has floodplain access in 70% of reach. Other areas are constrained by infrastructure.

  Benchmarks:
  Restore floodplain access in 35% of reach by 2020
  Restore access in 70% by 2040

  Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph Alteration

  Reference Condition: Annual hydrograph mimics historical hydrograph

  Baseline Condition: Hydrograph altered – extremely high flows associated with storm events. Current condition: Most fields tiled with drainage directed into ditches and then to creek.

  Target: Manage stormwater from existing and new development such that there is no runoff from small storms leading to further incision

  Benchmarks: All new development manages a minimum of 90% of the annual rainfall such that there is no runoff from impervious surfaces.

  Actions:
  Necessary codes and manuals established or updated to reach target by 2004.
  Enforcement and maintenance system established by 2006.

  Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime

  Reference Condition: Impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

  Baseline Condition: Currently there are several impoundments and water diversions upstream of the restoration area in Kelley Creek. There is a 1.7m dam in the Restoration Area on Kelley Creek (Reach 3), and a 1.4m dam at a culvert on Mitchell (Reach 2). More information is needed to quantify amount of diversion and impoundment.

  Target: Minimum base flow meets state and federal standards for salmon by 2050.

  Benchmarks: To be determined based on additional baseline information.

  Actions: Work with holders of water rights to find efficiencies to reduce draw from creek.

  Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

  Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

  Baseline Condition:
  Kelley Cr Reach 3: 2 pieces per 100m
  Mitchell Cr Reach 1: 2.9/ 100m
  Mitchell Cr Reach 2: 11.8/ 100m

  Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2050

  Benchmarks:
  >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
  >10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030
  >15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040

  Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

  Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft., composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

  Baseline Condition: Of the 88.5 acres of riparian corridor, approximately 15.5 acres are forested. Six acres are developed as roads and buildings.

  Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development. Up to 82 acres of mature forest canopy.

  Benchmarks:
  Plant 25% of available area by 2010
  Plant 70% by 2020
  Plant 100% by 2030

  Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

  Reference Condition: 12% or less

  Baseline Condition: Riffles account for 48% of the Kelley Creek reach, and for 38% of Mitchell Creek reaches one and two.

Reach #	% Sand Silt Organics (SSO) in Riffles	% SSO all substrates
Kelley Reach 3	16	13
Mitchell Reach 1	65	75
Mitchell Reach 2	48	73

Target: 20% or less by 2040; protect from degradation by identifying and reducing sources of fine sediment.

Benchmarks:
35% by 2015
30% by 2020
25% by 2030

Indicator 5(e): Removal or Improvement of Passage Barriers

Reference Condition: Barriers or impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: One 1.7m metal dam. One 1.4m dam. One impassible culvert at 162nd and Mitchell Creek.

Target: No impassable barriers by 2020.

Benchmarks: Work with landowners to remove dams or build fishway around them by 2015; work with county and, after annexation, with city to replace culvert by 2020.

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets.

3.2.8      Priority Restoration Area 4: Johnson Creek Reach 15 (R4)

Priority Restoration area 4 in Gresham offers high restoration value, particularly from the Coho and steelhead perspectives. The large riparian forest to the south of the creek, high potential for off-channel and over-wintering habitat, and proximity to the high quality habitat in reach 16 (core habitat area 3) make this area especially noteworthy. The reach is 4484 m in length (14,711 ft).

Target salmonid populations:

1. Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat

   Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

   Reference Condition: Little incision and seasonally accessible floodplain

   Baseline Condition: No WPA channelization however much of the creek is incised. Wide floodplain available but inaccessible to creek.

   Target: Creek has floodplain access in 40% of reach by 2040. Other areas are constrained by infrastructure.

   Benchmarks:
   Restore floodplain access in 20% of reach by 2020
   Restore access in 40% by 2040

   Indicator 2(a): Acres restored wetlands and backwater channels

   Reference Condition: More than 100 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels

   Baseline Condition: Approximately 40 acres existing wetlands and backwater channels

   Target: Restore existing 40 acres and restore an additional 50 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2050

   Benchmarks:
   Restore 40 acres existing wetlands and backwater channels by 2010
   Restore 10 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2010
   Restore 20 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2020
   Restore 30acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2030
   Restore 40 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2040

   Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

   Reference Condition: >20 pieces in each 100m stream length

   Baseline Condition: Approximately 4 pieces per 100 meters

   Target: >20 pieces in each 100m length of stream by 2040

   Benchmarks:
   >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2010
   >10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
   >15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030
   >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040

   Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

   Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft., composed of mature native vegetation, with < 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

   Baseline Conditions: 43 acres of riparian corridor is in mature second-growth forest. Of the 179 acres within the riparian corridor, approximately 61 (34 %) are developed urban areas including streets, yards, buildings, and parking lots. Approximately 40 acres have been planted in the past 5 years.

   Target: Continuous corridor of mature native vegetation up to 300 ft where possible by 2040; 75 acres of mature forest.

   Benchmarks:
   25 % of available area planted by 2010
   50 % planted by 2020
   75 % planted by 2030

   Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

   Reference Condition: 12% or less

   Baseline Condition: Riffles account for 15% of the stream’s length. Sand silt organics comprise 17 percent of the riffle substrate, and average 35% of all substrates.

   Target: 20% or less by 2040; protect from degradation by identifying and reducing sources of fine sediment.

   Benchmarks:
   35% by 2015
   30% by 2020
   25% by 2030

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets.

3.2.9      Priority Restoration Area 5: Lower Sunshine Creek (R5)

Restoration area five is the lower reaches of Sunshine Creek, which drains into Johnson Creek’s Reach 17, just upstream of Core Habitat Area 4. This restoration area has high potential value for cutthroat and steelhead, although vegetation in some parts of the riparian buffer is nonexistent. Erosion and lack of riparian cover upstream contribute to high levels of TSS and temperature. Despite these shortcomings, several areas of excellent riparian vegetation and wetland areas offer a promising habitat area. Erosion and severe downcutting in this area need to be addressed.

Major parts of the Sunshine Creek watershed were added to the Urban Growth Boundary in 2002. This will inevitably alter the condition of the Sunshine Creek system. It is anticipated that urbanization will provide an opportunity to protect and restore riparian habitat, address passage barriers, and reduce erosion. Additional planning work is necessary for the areas of the watershed added into the UGB.

Target salmonid populations:

• Steelhead, and Cutthroat spawning and rearing habitat
• Resident Cutthroat and Rainbow

  Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

  Reference Condition: Little incision and seasonally accessible floodplain. Broad valley floor with multiple, braided channels and broad wetlands.

  Baseline Condition: Incision of Sunshine Creek results in very little floodplain access. The creek is completely confined within a single terrace. Multiple channels exist in some areas during low flows. Tiled and drained agricultural areas intermingle with remnant wetlands.

  Target: Create ¼ mile of floodplain access in low gradient reach 1. Create 2 backwater channels.

  Benchmarks:
  Restore floodplain access in Reach 1 by 2020
  Create backwater channels by 2040

  Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

  Reference Condition: Annual hydrograph mimics historical hydrograph

  Baseline Condition: Hydrograph altered – extremely high flows associated with storm events. Additional information needed to quantify flow patterns.

  Target: Manage stormwater from existing and new development such that there is no runoff from small storms leading to further incision

  Benchmarks: All new development manages a minimum of 90% of the annual rainfall such that there is no runoff from impervious surfaces.

  Actions:
  Necessary codes and manuals established or updated to reach target by 2008.
  Enforcement and maintenance system established by 2010.

  Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime

  Reference Condition: Impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

  Baseline Condition: Unknown.

  Target: Minimum base flow meets state and federal standards for salmon by 2050.

  Benchmarks: Additional Baseline information is needed.

  Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

  Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

  Baseline Condition: Wood is low at 3 pieces per 100 m

  Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2050

  Benchmarks:
  >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
  >10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030
  >15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040

  Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

  Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft, composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

  Baseline Condition: of the 108 acres of riparian corridor, 36 acres are fields, roads, houses, and other development. Approximately 10 acres have mature riparian vegetation.

  Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development.

  Benchmarks:
  Plant 10% of available area by 2010
  Plant 40% by 2020
  Plant 70% by 2030
  Plant 100% by 2040

  Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

  Reference Condition: 12% or less

  Baseline Conditions: Riffles comprise 19% of the length of reach 1, and 5% of reach 2. Reach 1 riffles are 18% sand silt and organics and 82% gravel and cobble. Reach 2 riffles are 34% sand silt and organics and 66% gravel and cobble.

  Target: 20% or less by 2040 in reach 2. Upstream construction during urbanization threatens to increase sedimentation, while increased protection for riparian areas may reduce erosion in the long term.

  Benchmarks:
  35% by 2015
  30% by 2020
  25% by 2030

  Indicator 5(e): Removal or improvement of passage barriers

  Reference Condition: Barriers are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

  Baseline Condition: No known artificial passage barriers. More information is needed on the passability of road culverts.

  Target: Address any existing passage barriers.

  Benchmarks: Depends on baseline data.

  Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets.

3.2.10      Priority Restoration Area 6: Lower Badger Creek (R6)

This short creek section serves as a key refuge area off of Johnson Creek’s Reach 17, just upstream of Core Habitat Area 4 (Reach 16). Restoration of this area as a key refuge in the upper part of Johnson Creek will eventually develop into core habitat for spawning and rearing if water quality and erosion from upstream sources can be minimized. Significant riparian vegetation is impacted by rural residential use, but shows high potential for riparian function.

This area is within the 2002 urban growth boundary expansion, which will provide key opportunities for restoration and protection of resources in this area. Upstream areas in Badger Creek are not within the urban expansion area, though implementation of proposed Lower Willamette Agricultural Water Quality rules will help address pollution.

Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

Reference Condition: Little incision and seasonally accessible floodplain

Baseline Condition: Incising of Badger Creek resulting in little floodplain access. More information is needed to determine the extent of incision.

Target: Creek has floodplain access in 70% of reach. Other areas are constrained by infrastructure.

Benchmarks:
Restore floodplain access in 35% of reach by 2020
Restore access in 70% by 2040

Indicator 3(a): Hydrograph alteration

Reference Condition: Annual hydrograph mimics historical hydrograph

Baseline Condition: Hydrograph altered – extremely high flows associated with storm events. More information is needed to quantify flow information.

Target: Manage stormwater from existing and new development such that there is no runoff from small storms leading to further incision

Benchmarks: All new development manages a minimum of 90% of the annual rainfall such that there is no runoff from impervious surfaces.

Actions:
Necessary codes and manuals established or updated to reach target by 2008.
Enforcement and maintenance system established by 2010.

Indicator 4(a): Amount of water removed or impounded during summertime

Reference Condition: Impoundments are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: Information is needed

Target: Minimum base flow meets state and federal standards for salmon.

Benchmarks: Additional Baseline information is needed.

Indicator 5(a): Large Wood

Reference Condition: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length

Baseline Condition: Wood volume is low. More information is needed to quantify this information.

Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2050

Benchmarks: Depends on baseline;
>5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2020
>10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2030
>15 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2040

Indicator 5(b): Riparian Integrity

Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft., composed of mature native vegetation, with > 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

Baseline Condition: Of the 24 acres of riparian corridor, approximately 7.5 are forested. 8 acres on the north side of the creek are constrained by major roads, the Springwater corridor trail, and other infrastructure.

Target: Continuous corridor of up to 300 ft composed of mature native vegetation as feasible based on constraints of development.

Benchmarks:
Plant 25% of available area by 2010
Plant 70% by 2020
Plant 100% by 2030

Indicator 5(d): Percent of fine sediments in riffle substrate

Reference Condition: 12% or less

Baseline Condition: Substrate composition is unknown. More information needed to establish baseline conditions.

Target: 20% or less by 2040

Benchmarks: Depends on baseline condition.

Indicator 5(e): Removal or improvement of passage barriers

Reference Condition: Barriers are formed by deposition of large wood, beaver activity, or other natural methods.

Baseline Condition: More information is needed on barriers and the passability of road culverts.

Target: Address any existing passage barriers.

Benchmarks: Depends on baseline data.

Indicators 6 and 7: See Priority Restoration introduction for watershed wide targets.

3.3      Connectivity Areas and Special Opportunities

 Introduction

Connectivity areas are those areas with lesser restoration potential, but which are critical to connecting the high quality areas and areas with high restoration potential (Core Habitat areas and Restoration Areas, respectively). Critical connection areas exist from the mouth of Johnson Creek through lower Crystal Springs (JC Reaches 1 and 2, CS Reach 1), Johnson Creek Reach 3; the North Clackamas Reaches (6 and 7); the Middle Johnson Creek Segment (Reaches 8 to 14); and Middle Kelley (Reaches 4 to 6).

The overall vision for Connectivity Areas is to provide summer and winter migratory corridors. Restoration actions are focused on creating cool summertime water temperatures and providing enough off-channel over-winter resting areas during high winter flows.

The high level of public investment and a high potential for restoration in the Middle Johnson Creek Segment recommend Middle Johnson Creek as a Special Opportunity area as defined in Section 2.19. Pursuit of public health and safety goals by the City of Portland offers unique opportunities to improve connectivity and watershed health by integrating off-channel refuge areas into stormwater detention and retention facilities. However, as additional opportunities arise new special opportunity areas will be identified.

The following Objectives and Indicators apply to the four watershed health goals:

3.3.1      Goal 1: Hydrology

Connectivity Area Objective 1
Improve stream flow and availability of over-wintering habitat by improving access of flows to the floodplain.

Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

Connectivity Area Objective 2
Restore wetlands and backwater channels to improve flood storage capacity and over-wintering habitat in the floodplain.

Indicator 2(a): Acres of restored wetlands and backwater channels

3.3.2       Goal 2: Physical Habitat

Connectivity Area Objective 3
Improve salmonid capacity by providing cover and refuge from high flow events

Indicator 3(a): Large Wood

Indicator 3(b): Riparian Integrity

Indicator 3(c): Acres restored wetlands and backwater channels (Cross-reference Indicator 2(a))

3.3.3      Goal 3: Water Quality

Connectivity Area Objective 4
Water Quality meets or exceeds standards for protection of human health and fish safety

Indicator 4(a): Toxics

Indicator 4(b): Temperature

Indicator 4(c): Bacteria

Indicator 4(d): PAH’s

3.3.4      Goal 4: Biological Communities

Connectivity Area Objective 5
Improve environmental conditions to increase habitat for macroinvertebrates and salmonids.

Indicator 5(a): B-IBI

3.3.5      Special Opportunity Area: Middle Johnson Creek (S1)

Middle Johnson Creek is characterized by its low gradient and relatively high level of development. Floodwater conveyance is a critical issue in this area as many floodplain areas are developed and do not offer safe floodwater storage or conveyance. Nonetheless, the extensive floodplain and low gradient in this area offers potential for over-wintering habitat, particularly in areas with a large amount of public land ownership. In addition, this area contains some contiguous areas with mature riparian coverage that could be expanded to improve water temperatures. However, additional areas not already in public ownership that do not conflict with existing uses may still need to be identified for overwintering and summer migration.

Target salmonid populations:

• Coho, Steelhead, and Cutthroat migratory corridor and winter refugia

  Indicator 1(a): Area of connected floodplain

  Reference Condition: No creek channelization

  Baseline condition: Most of creek is channelized and rock lined. Wide floodplain available but inaccessible to creek.

  Target: Improve floodplain access in 50 % of creek by 2050.

  Benchmarks:
  Reconnect 10% of floodplain by 2010
  Reconnect 20% of floodplain by 2020
  Reconnect 30% of floodplain by 2030
  Reconnect 40% of floodplain by 2040

  Indicator 2(a): Acres restored wetlands and backwater channels

  Reference Condition: More than 350 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels

  Baseline Condition: Approximately 100 acres existing wetlands and backwater channels

  Target: Restore existing 100 acres by 2040 and restore an additional 250 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2100.

  Benchmarks:
  Restore 25 acres existing wetlands and backwater channels by 2010
  Restore 50 acres existing wetlands and backwater channels by 2020
  Restore 75 acres existing wetlands and backwater channels by 2030
  Restore 100 acres existing wetlands and backwater channels by 2040
  Restore 50 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2020
  Restore 100 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2040
  Restore 150 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2060
  Restore 200 acres historical wetlands and backwater channels by 2080

  Indicator 3(a): Large Wood

  Reference Condition: >20 pieces in each 100m stream length

  Baseline Condition: Approximately 4 pieces per 100 meters (ODFW survey).

  Target: >20 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2015

  Benchmarks:
  >5 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2005
  >10 pieces/ 100m stream length by 2010

  Indicator 3(b): Riparian Integrity

  Reference Condition: Riparian corridor is a continuous corridor of 300 ft., composed of mature native vegetation, with < 2 stream crossings/ KM of stream length.

  Baseline Conditions: 100 acres of riparian corridor is in mature second-growth forest. Of the 354 acres within the riparian corridor, approximately 42 (12 %) are developed urban areas including streets, yards, buildings, and parking lots. Approximately 25 acres have been planted in the past 8 years.

  Target: Continuous corridor of mature native vegetation up to 300 ft where possible; 212 acres of mature forest.

  Benchmarks:
  Plant 25% of available area by 2010
  Plant 70% by 2020
  Plant 100% by 2030

  Indicator 4(a): Toxics (Surrogate to be used is Total Suspended Solids)

  Reference Condition: Low levels of toxics and sediment. No exceedances of state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7).

  Baseline Condition: Routine and storm event monitoring has revealed high levels of both TSS and Turbidity. Relatively high turbidity levels were measured during both high and low flow conditions, and are most likely a result of bank erosion, roadside ditch erosion, runoff from construction activities, and runoff from agricultural and nursery operations. Toxics (DDT, Dieldrin, PAH, and PCBs) have been detected in both water column and sediment samples with some exceedances of standards. DDT was identified as a problem based on the results of a USGS investigation. Pollutant concentrations detected in 1989 had been reduced by an order of magnitude by 1994.

  Target:
  ___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2020*
  ___mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2020*

  * Specific target concentrations forthcoming in Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

  Benchmarks:
  ___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2010
  ___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2015
  ___ mg/L TSS during stormwater conditions by 2020
  ___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2010
  ___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2015
  ___ mg/L TSS during other times throughout the basin by 2020

  Indicator 4(b): Temperature (System potential effective shade level)

  Reference Condition: 7-day average maximum daily temperature is below 17.8°C; below 12.8°C during spawning and incubation periods, and system potential meets 80% effective shade level.

  Baseline Condition: Temperature standards are frequently exceeded throughout the Johnson Creek watershed during the summer months. There are more total days with maximum temperature above 20°C when moving downstream. More information is needed on temperatures in the target reach.

  Target: 80% Effective Shade Site Potential by 2040*

  * This percentage is preliminary and may be revised in the Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

  Benchmarks:
  50 % Effective Shade Potential by 2015
  60% Effective Shade Potential by 2025
  75 % Effective Shade Potential by 2030

  Indicator 4(c): Bacteria

  Reference Condition: Low levels of bacteria throughout the watershed with no exceedances of state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7).

  Baseline Condition: Routine monitoring has revealed high bacteria levels that exceed state water quality standards (see Assessment, Chapter 2.9.7) throughout the Johnson Creek watershed. Exceedances occur both during winter storm events as well as during the dry summer periods.

  Target: 75 – 80 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2020*

  * This percentage is preliminary and may be revised in the Draft TMDL currently in preparation and due in December 2003.

  Benchmarks: 25 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2010
  40 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2015
  60 percent reduction in bacteria levels by 2018

  Indicator 4(d): PAH’s

  Reference Condition: Extremely low levels not hazardous to aquatic or terrestrial life.

  Baseline Condition: PAHs were proposed for listing as a pollutant of Johnson Creek in 2002 based on sampling data of 42.3 ng/L. The human health standard for water and fish ingestion is 2.8 ng/L. New studies indicate that fish are sensitive at lower rates.
  
  Target: More information is needed on levels safe for fish. Human health standards should be met by 2040

  Benchmarks: More information is needed on sources and current levels
  Work with DEQ to develop TMDLs by 2010

  Indicator 5(a): Benthic Index of Biological Integrity (B-IBI)

  Reference Condition: B-IBI score of 50. A balanced, integrated adaptive assemblage of organisms having species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of natural habitats in the region. High biological integrity.

References

(1)Much of the information for reference conditions is based on Framework for Integrated Management of Watershed and River Health, City of Portland, Oregon, November 2002.
(2)Data on baseline conditions is drawn from GIS analysis and Aquatic Inventories Project Physical Habitat Surveys 1999/2000, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.
(3)Volume of summertime base flow may be used as an alternate indicator in future revisions
(4)Miles of stream habitat accessible to juvenile salmonids may be used as an alternate indicator in future revisions
(5)Indicators are based on DEQ Total maximum daily loads.
(6)Volume of summertime base flow may be used as an alternate indicator in future revisions
(7)Miles of stream habitat accessible to juvenile salmonids may be used as an alternate indicator in future revisions
(8)Indicators are based on DEQ Total maximum daily loads.